The characteristic long tail of most rodents is a feature that has been extensively studied in various rat species models, which suggest three primary functions of this structure: thermoregulation, minor proprioception, and a nocifensive-mediated degloving response. The black and brown rats diverged from other Old World rats in the forests of Asia during the beginning of the Pleistocene. The average lifespan of rats varies by species, but many only live about a year due to predation. Rats become sexually mature at age 6 weeks, but reach social maturity at about 5 to 6 months of age. Another zoonotic disease linked to the rat is foot-and-mouth disease. The Black Death is traditionally believed to have been caused by the microorganism Yersinia pestis, carried by the tropical rat flea ( Xenopsylla cheopis), which preyed on black rats living in European cities during the epidemic outbreaks of the Middle Ages these rats were used as transport hosts. Wild rodents, including rats, can carry many different zoonotic pathogens, such as Leptospira, Toxoplasma gondii, and Campylobacter. Many species of rats are island endemics, some of which have become endangered due to habitat loss or competition with the brown, black, or Polynesian rat. However, the widely distributed and problematic commensal species of rats are a minority in this diverse genus. They may cause substantial food losses, especially in developing countries. The common species are opportunistic survivors and often live with and near humans therefore, they are known as commensals. A group of rats is referred to as a mischief. Male rats are called bucks unmated females, does, pregnant or parent females, dams and infants, kittens or pups. Rats such as the bandicoot rat ( Bandicota bengalensis) are murine rodents related to true rats but are not members of the genus Rattus. Examples include the North American pack rats (aka wood rats ) and a number of species loosely called kangaroo rats. The term rat is also used in the names of other small mammals that are not true rats. Rats are bigger than most Old World mice, which are their relatives, but seldom weigh over 500 grams ( 17 + 1⁄ 2 oz) in the wild. This group, generally known as the Old World rats or true rats, originated in Asia. The best-known rat species are the black rat ( Rattus rattus) and the brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus). Species and description A rat in a suburb of Vancouver Skeleton of a black rat ( Rattus rattus) on display at the Museum of Osteology. There are 56 known species of rats in the world. The common terms rat and mouse are not taxonomically specific. Usually the common name of a large muroid rodent will include the word "rat", while a smaller muroid's name will include "mouse". Rats are typically distinguished from mice by their size. Other rat genera include Neotoma (pack rats), Bandicota (bandicoot rats) and Dipodomys (kangaroo rats). Species of rats are found throughout the order Rodentia, but stereotypical rats are found in the genus Rattus. Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents. JSTOR ( September 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. For others, the cost of the card could be an issue, but especially for heroes with low Spirit, there are few other options available for damaging characters halfway across the map, so it may be worth holding for them too.This article needs additional citations for verification. It is also one of only 2 Trickery Cards that can hit heroes in the Palace for damage, and since they will almost always have a Bounty, Sharpshooter will be effective against them.Īs a result, for tricksters, this card is worth holding on to, waiting for the perfect moment to use it. Sharpshooter is a valuable card - it can turn a profit (plus a lot of Prestige) if it kills a hero with a level 2 or higher bounty, and it is powerful against them as well. This deals 1 damage to targets without a Bounty, 2 damage to those with Wanted status (level 1 bounty), 3 damage to those with Fugitive status, and 4 damage to those with Traitor status. "Relax, that stoat can bullseye a swamp rat from a thousand yards out." - Viscount Vilgaris If target has Bounty, -1 extra Health per Bounty level.
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